1. VOCABULARY

1. Masculine nouns ending in -a

dh²vara	fisherman
maccha	fish
piµaka	basket
amacca	minister
up±saka	lay devotee
p±s±da	palace
d±raka	child
s±µaka	garment
rajaka	washerman
sappa	serpent
pañha	question
suka / suva	parrot
sop±na	stairway
s³kara / var±ha	pig

Verbs

2. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a (contd.)

Ablative case:

• Case endings -± / -mh± / -sm± are added to the nominal base to form the ablative singular.
• Case ending -ehi is added to form the ablative plural; -ebhi is an archaic ending that is also used.
  

Singular

1. nara + ± / mh± / sm± = nar± / naramh± / narasm± (From the man)
2. m±tula + ± / mh± / sm± = m±tul± / m±tulamh± / m±tulasm± (From the uncle)
3. kassaka + ± / mh± / sm± = kassak± / kassakamh± / kassakasm± (From the farmer)

Plural

1. nara + ehi = narehi (narebhi) (From men)
2. m±tula + ehi = m±tulehi (m±tulebhi) (From uncles)
3. kassaka + ehi = kassakehi (kassakebhi) (From farmers)

3. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

1. Y±cako naramh± bhatta½ y±cati.
The beggar asks for rice from the man.

2. Putto m±tulamh± pañha½ pucchati.
The son asks a question from the uncle.

3. Kassako rukkhasm± patati.
The farmer falls from the tree.

Plural

1. Y±cak± narehi bhatta½ y±canti.
Beggars ask for rice from men.

2. Putt± m±tulehi pañhe pucchanti.
Sons ask questions from uncles.

3. Kassak± rukkhehi patanti.
Farmers fall from trees.

Exercise 4

4. Translate into English

1. Cor± g±mamh± pabbata½ dh±vanti.
2. D±rako m±tulasm± odana½ y±cati.
3. Kum±ro sop±namh± patati.
4. M±tul± s±µake dhovanti.
5. Dh²var± piµakehi macche ±haranti.
6. Up±sak± samaºehi saddhi½ vih±rasm± nikkhamanti.
7. Br±hmaºo kakacena rukkha½ chindati.
8. Kum±r± mittehi saha bh³p±la½ passanti.
9. V±ºijo assena saddhi½ pabbatasm± oruhati.
10. Y±cako kassakasm± soºa½ y±cati.
11. Sapp± pabbatehi g±ma½ otaranti.
12. Amacc± sarehi mige vijjhanti.
13. Coro g±mamh± sakaµena s±µake harati.
14. Bh³p±lo amaccehi saddhi½ rathena p±s±da½ ±gacchati.
15. S³kar± p±dehi ±v±µe khaºanti.
16. Kum±ro sah±yakehi saha s±µake dhovati.
17. Samaº± g±mamh± up±sakehi saddhi½ nikkhamanti.
18. Kukkuro piµakamh± maccha½ kh±dati.
19. Mitto puttamh± sunakha½ y±cati.
20. Buddho s±vake pucchati.
21. Amacc± paº¹itehi pañhe pucchanti.
22. Rajako sah±yena saha s±µaka½ dhovati.
23. Macch± piµakamh± patanti.
24. Cor± p±s±ºehi var±he paharanti.
25. Amacco p±s±damh± suva½ ±harati.

5. Translate into P±li

1. Horses run from the village to the mountain.
2. Merchants come from the island to the monastery with lay devotees.
3. Thieves shoot pigs with arrows.
4. The lay devotee questions (about) the dhamma from the recluse.
5. The child falls from the rock with a friend.
6. The dog bites the child.
7. Ministers set out from the palace with the king.
8. The man brings a deer from the island.
9. The farmer gets down from the tree.
10. Dogs run along the road with horses.
11. Boys take away lamps from merchants.
12. The thief gets down from the stairway.
13. Merchants bring parrots from mountains.
14. The horse hits the serpent with its foot.
15. The uncle, with his friends, sees recluses from the mountains.
16. Merchants bring horses to the palace from the island.
17. The minister questions the thief.
18. The farmer eats rice with the washerman.
19. The child falls from the stairway.
20. The fisherman climbs the mountain with his uncle.
21. The beggar, together with his dog, sleeps.
22. Kings protect islands with their ministers.
23. The king worships the Buddha from his palace.
24. The man kills a serpent with a sword.
25. Fishermen bring fish to the village in carts.
26. Pigs run from the village to the mountain.
27. Lay devotees ask questions from the wise man.
28. The son brings a parrot from the tree.
29. Wise men go to the monastery.
30. Disciples go along the road to the village.

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