1. VOCABULARY

1. Masculine nouns ending in -a

n±vika	sailor
±k±sa	sky
samudda	ocean, sea
deva / sura	deity, god
loka	world
±loka	light
sakuºa	bird
k±ka	crow
niv±sa	house
sappurisa	virtuous man
asappurisa	wicked man
k±ya	body
d³ta	messenger
goºa	ox, bull

Verbs

2. Declension of masculine nouns ending in -a (contd.)
Locative case:

• Case endings -e / -mhi / -smi½ are added to the nominal base to form the locative singular.
• The case ending -esu is added to form the locative plural.

Singular

1. nara + e / mhi / smi½ = nare, naramhi, narasmi½ (in / on / at the man)
2. m±tula + e / mhi / smi½ = m±tule, m±tulamhi, m±tulasmi½ (in / on / at the uncle)
3. kassaka + e / mhi / smi½ = kassake, kassakamhi, kassakasmi½ (in / on / at the farmer)

Plural

1. nara + esu = naresu (in / on / at men)
2. m±tula + esu = m±tulesu (in / on / at uncles)
3. kassaka + esu = kassakesu (in / on / at farmers)

3. Examples in sentence formation

Singular

1. Sappo narasmi½ patati.
The snake falls on the man.

2. Putto m±tulamhi pas²dati.
The son is pleased with the uncle.

3. V±ºijo kassakasmi½ pas²dati.
The merchant is pleased with the farmer.

Plural

1. Sapp± naresu patanti.
Snakes fall on men.

2. Putt± m±tulesu pas²danti.
Sons are pleased with their uncles.

3. V±ºij± kassakesu pas²danti.
Merchants are pleased with farmers.

Exercise 7

4. Translate into English

1. Br±hmaºo sah±yakena saddhi½ rathamhi nis²dati.
2. Asappuris± corehi saha g±mesu caranti.
3. V±ºijo kassakassa niv±se bhatta½ pacati.
4. Bh³p±lassa amacc± d²pesu manusse rakkhanti.
5. Sugatassa s±vak± vih±rasmi½ vasanti.
6. Makkaµo rukkhamh± ±v±µasmi½ patati.
7. Suriyassa ±loko samuddamhi patati.
8. Kassak±na½ goº± g±me ±hiº¹anti.
9. Vejjassa d±rako mañcasmi½ sayati.
10. Dh²var± samuddamh± piµakesu macche ±haranti.
11. S²ho p±s±ºasmi½ tiµµhati, makkaµ± rukkhesu caranti.
12. Bh³p±lassa d³to amaccena saddhi½ samudda½ tarati.
13. Manuss± loke j²vanti, dev± sagge vasanti.
14. Mig± pabbatesu dh±vanti, sakuº± ±k±se uppatanti.
15. Amacco khagga½ bh³p±lassa hatthamh± ±dad±ti.
16. ¾cariyo m±tulassa niv±se mañcamhi puttena saha nis²dati.
17. T±pas± pabbatamhi viharanti.
18. Up±sak± samaºehi saddhi½ vih±re sannipatanti.
19. K±k± rukkhehi uppatanti.
20. Buddho dhamma½ bh±sati, sappuris± Buddhamhi pas²danti.
21. Asappuriso khaggena n±vikassa d³ta½ paharati.
22. Puriso sarena sakuºa½ vijjhati, sakuºo rukkhamh± ±v±µasmi½ patati.
23. Manuss± suriyassa ±lokena loka½ passanti.
24. Kassakassa goº± magge sayanti.
25. Goºassa k±yasmi½ k±ko tiµµhati.
26. Mig± d²pasmi½ p±s±ºesu nis²danti.
27. Sakuºo n±vikassa hatthamh± ±v±µasmi½ patati.
28. Sappuriso n±vikena saha samuddamh± uttarati.
29. Kudd±lo luddakassa hatthamh± ±v±µasmi½ patati.
30. Suriyassa ±lokena cando bh±sati (shines).

5. Translate into P±li

1. The lion stands on the rock in the mountain.
2. Thieves enter the house of the teacher.
3. Children run from the road to the sea with friends.
4. Uncle's oxen wander on the road.
5. Birds sit on the tree.
6. The ox hits the goat with its foot.
7. Jackals live on the mountain.
8. The king worships the feet of the Buddha with his ministers.
9. The uncle sleeps on the bed with his son.
10. The fisherman eats rice in the house of the farmer.
11. The king's horses live in the island.
12. The virtuous man brings a lamp for the hermit.
13. The doctor brings a garment to the teacher's house.
14. The monkey plays with a dog on the rock.
15. The garment falls on the farmer's body.
16. The hunter carries arrows in a basket.
17. Disciples of the Buddha assemble in the monastery.
18. The washerman washes the garments of the ministers.
19. Birds fly in the sky.
20. The virtuous man comes out of the sea together with the sailor.
21. Deities are pleased with the Buddha's disciples.
22. Merchants cross the sea together with sailors.
23. The good man protects the dog from the serpent.
24. Crows fly from trees in the mountain.
25. The pig pulls a fish from the fisherman's basket.
26. The light of the sun falls on the men in the world.
27. Deities go through the sky.
28. Children play with the dog on the road.
29. The wicked man drags a monkey from the tree.
30. The king's messenger gets down from the horse.

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