1. The Causative

Causative verbs are formed by adding -e / -aya / -±pe / -±paya to the root or verbal base.

Sometimes the vowel in the root is strengthened when the suffixes are added.
Verbal bases ending in -e / -aya invariably take the suffixes -ape / -±paya to form the causative.

In sentences with causative verbs the agent carrying out the action is expressed by the accusative or the instrumental case.

2. Examples in sentence formation

1. Amm± bhagini½ bhatta½ pac±peti.
   Mother gets the sister to cook rice.
   
   
2. Bh³p±lo samaºe ca y±cake ca bhoj±pesi.
   The king fed the recluses and beggars.
   
   
3. Coro mittena kakaca½ cor±petv± vana½ dh±vi.
   The thief ran having got a friend to steal a saw.
   
   
4. Vejjo puttena ±paºamh± kh²ra½ kiº±pesi.
   The doctor got his son to buy milk from the market.
   
   
5. Up±sak± amaccena samaº±na½ vih±ra½ k±r±pesu½.
   Lay devotees got the minister to build a monastery for the monks.
   
   
6. Yuvati bhaginiy± ±cariyassa m³la½ d±petv± sippa½ uggaºhi.
   The maiden got the sister to give money to the teacher and learnt an art.
   
   
7. Br±hmaºo cora½ / corena sacca½ bh±s±petu½ v±yami.
   The brahmin tried to make the thief speak the truth.

Exercise 23

3. Translate into English

1. Amm± samaºehi asappurise putte anus±s±pesi.
2. Tumhe manusse p²¼ente core ±mant±petv± ovadatha.
3. V±ºijo kassakena rukkhe chind±petv± / ched±petv± sakaµena nagara½ netv± vikkiºi.
4. Samaºo up±sake sannip±t±petv± dhamma½ desesi.
5. M±tulo kum±rehi pupph±ni ca phal±ni ca ocin±pesi.
6. D±rik± sunakha½ pokkharaºi½ otar±pesi.
7. Amacco v±ºije ca kassake ca pakkos±petv± pucchissati.
8. Kaññ±hi ±haµ±ni pupph±ni vanit±yo ±siñc±pesu½.
9. Bhariy±ya k±tabba½ kamma½ aha½ karomi.
10. Luddako mittena miga½ vijjhitv± m±r±pesi.
11. Br±hmaºo ±c±riyena kum±ri½ dhamma½ uggaºh±pesi.
12. Amm± d±rika½ kh²ra½ p±yetv± mañce say±pesi.
13. V±ºij± assehi bhaº¹±ni g±h±petva vikkiºitu½ nagara½ gami½su.
14. Vanit± sah±yakena rukkhassa s±kh±yo ±ka¹¹h±petv± geha½ nesi.
15. Amm± puttena geha½ ±gata½ samaºa½ vand±pesi.
16. Up±sak± samaºe ±sanesu nis²d±petv± bhoj±pesu½.
17. Bhagin² bhinnapattassa khaº¹±ni (pieces) ±masant² rodant² gehadv±re aµµh±si.
18. Udaka½ ±haritu½ gacchantiyo n±riyo sallapantiyo rukkham³lesu patit±ni kusum±ni oloketv± modi½su.
19. Luddako tuº¹ena phala½ ocinitu½ v±yamanta½ suva½ sarena vijjhi.
20. Sappurisena k±r±pitesu vih±resu samaº± vasanti.

4. Translate into P±li

1. The wicked man gets his sons to shoot birds.
2. The lay devotees will get the monk to preach the doctrine.
3. Women get their children to honour the Buddha´s disciples.
4. The young woman will get her sister to speak at the assembly.
5. The farmer caused the tree to fall into the pit.
6. You (pl.) will get the flowers sprinkled with water.
7. The king got his ministers to build a monastery.
8. The queen will live in the palace which the king got built.
9. The merchant got his wife to put the goods in boxes.
10. The brahmin got the Buddha´s disciple to preach to his people.

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